Line Protocol Reference

The Line Protocol is a text based format for writing points to InfluxDB.

Line Protocol Syntax

<measurement>[,<tag_key>=<tag_value>[,<tag_key>=<tag_value>]] <field_key>=<field_value>[,<field_key>=<field_value>] [<timestamp>]

Each line, separated by the newline character \n, represents a single point in InfluxDB. Line Protocol is whitespace sensitive.

Line Protocol Elements

Line Protocol informs InfluxDB of the data’s measurement, tag set, field set, and timestamp.

Performance tips:

• Sort tags by key before sending them to the database. The sort should match the results from the Go bytes.Compare function.

• Use the coarsest precision possible for timestamps. This can result in significant improvements in compression.

Data Types

More on field value types

Boolean syntax for writes vs. queries

Acceptable boolean syntax differs for data writes and data queries. See Frequently Asked Questions for more information.

Field type discrepancies

Within a measurement, a field’s type cannot differ within a shard, but it can differ across shards. See Frequently Asked Questions for how field value type discrepancies can affect SELECT * queries.

Examples

Write the field value 1.0 as a float to InfluxDB:

> INSERT mymeas value=1.0

Write the field value 1 as a float to InfluxDB:

> INSERT mymeas value=1

Write the field value 1 as an integer to InfluxDB:

> INSERT mymeas value=1i

Write the field value stringing along as a string to InfluxDB. Always double quote string field values. More on quoting below.

> INSERT mymeas value="stringing along"

Write the field value true as a boolean to InfluxDB. Do not quote boolean field values.

> INSERT mymeas value=true

Write the field value true as a string to InfluxDB:

> INSERT mymeas value="true"

Attempt to write a string to a field that previous accepted floats. The float and string would live in the same shard.

> INSERT mymeas value=3 1465934559000000000
> INSERT mymeas value="stringing along" 1465934559000000001
ERR: {"error":"field type conflict: input field \"value\" on measurement \"mymeas\" is type string, already exists as type float"}

Attempt to write a string to a field that previous accepted floats. The float and string are not in the same shard.

> INSERT mymeas value=3 1465934559000000000
> INSERT mymeas value="stringing along" 1466625759000000000
>

Quoting, Special Characters, and Additional Naming Guidelines

Quoting

* Line Protocol allows users to double and single quoting measurements, tag keys, tag values, and field keys. It will, however, assume that the double or single quotes are part of the name. This can complicate query syntax (see the example below).

Examples

Double quote the timestamp. This is invalid Line Protocol:

> INSERT mymeas value=9 "1466625759000000000"
ERR: {"error":"unable to parse 'mymeas value=9 \"1466625759000000000\"': bad timestamp"}

Double quote a boolean field value. InfluxDB assumes that the value is a string:

> INSERT mymeas value="true"
> SHOW FIELD KEYS FROM "mymeas"
name: mymeas
------------
fieldKey	 fieldType
value		   string

Write to mymeas and "mymeas" and query their data:

> INSERT mymeas value=2
> INSERT "mymeas" value=200
> SHOW MEASUREMENTS
name: measurements
------------------
name
"mymeas"
mymeas
> SELECT * FROM mymeas
name: mymeas
------------
time				                        value
2016-06-14T20:36:11.939713972Z	 2

> SELECT * FROM "mymeas"
name: mymeas
------------
time				                        value
2016-06-14T20:36:11.939713972Z	 2

> SELECT * FROM "\"mymeas\""
name: "mymeas"
--------------
time				                        value
2016-06-14T20:36:21.836131014Z	 200

Special Characters

For tag keys, tag values, and field keys always use a backslash character \ to escape:

• commas ,
• equal signs =
• spaces

For measurements always use a backslash character \ to escape:

• commas ,
• spaces

For string field values use a backslash character \ to escape:

• double quotes "

Line Protocol does not require users to escape the backslash character \. Users do not need to escape all other special characters.

Example

Write a point where the measurement is "measurement with quo⚡️es and emoji", the tag key is tag key with sp🚀ces, the tag value is tag,value,with"commas", the field key is field_k\ey and the field value is string field value, only " need be esc🍭ped.

> INSERT "measurement\ with\ quo⚡️es\ and\ emoji",tag\ key\ with\ sp🚀ces=tag\,value\,with"commas" field_k\ey="string field value, only \" need be esc🍭ped"

Additional Naming Guidelines

# at the beginning of the line is a valid comment character for Line Protocol. InfluxDB will ignore all subsequent characters until the next newline \n.

Measurement names, tag keys, tag values, field keys, and field values are case sensitive.

Line Protocol accepts InfluxQL keywords as identifier names. In general, we recommend avoiding using InfluxQL keywords in your schema as it can cause confusion when querying the data.

Line Protocol in Practice

See the Tools section for how to write Line Protocol to the database.

Duplicate points

A point is uniquely identified by the measurement name, tag set, and timestamp. If you submit Line Protocol with the same measurement, tag set, and timestamp, but with a different field set, the field set becomes the union of the old field set and the new field set, where any conflicts favor the new field set.

See Frequently Asked Questions for a complete example of this behavior and how to avoid it.